4 Biggest Mistakes in Instrumentation

Despite ongoing advancements in measurement and communications technology, instrumenting a process for feedback control remains a technical challenge. Today’s sensors are certainly more sophisticated than ever
before, and fieldbus technology has simplified  many installation issues considerably. Nonetheless, much can still go wrong with an instrumentation project.
Mistake #1:
Selecting the wrong sensor
Technology mismatch Although it’s generally obvious what quantity needs to be measured in a flow, temperature, or pressure control application, it’s not always obvious what kind of flow meter, temperature sensor, or pressure gauge is best suited to the job. A mismatch between the sensing technology and the material to be sensed can lead to skewed measurements and severely degraded control.

E-Book Review: Introduction to Reverse Engineering Software

What is reverse engineering?

Reverse engineering as we will discuss it is simply the act of figuring out what software that you have no source code for does in a particular feature or function to the degree that you can either modify this code, or reproduce it in another independent work.
In the general sense, ground-up reverse engineering is very hard, and requires several engineers and a good deal of support software just to capture the all of the ideas in a system. However, we'll find that by using tools available to us, and keeping a good notebook of what's going on, we should be able to extract the information we need to do what matters: make modifications and hacks to get software that we do not have source code for to do things that it was not originally intended to do.

Perancangan Pembangkit PWM dengan IC 555

Pembangkit PWM dirancang menggunakan IC pewaktu 555. IC pewaktu 555 yang dirangkai sebagai multivibrator astabil dapat menghasilkan tegangan pulsa 5 volt. Tegangan pulsa 5v tersebut dapat diatur duty cycle-nya dari 50% sampai dengan 100%. Duty cycle yang diinginkan dapat dicapai dengan mengatur nilai-nilai R_A, R_B dan C. Tegangan inilah yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai sinyal PWM. Rangkaian IC 555 sebagai multivibrator astabil ditunjukkan oleh gambar .